* A universe such as the one in which we live, with the mass and laws and constants of physics, to make advanced life possible will inevitably produce black holes, and this is good news. When the most massive stars and merging neutron stars become black holes, they manufacture elements heavier than iron. Eight of these r-process elements appear essential for advanced life; the remainder appears essential for enduring life and for an advanced civilization.

* Any substantially alternate universe we should hypothesize and test would be a place in which physical life as we experience it would be impossible. It is possible, nevertheless, to conceive of life forms that are not physical, not composed of elements in the periodic table, and not subject to the universe’s features, physics, and dimensions living in a realm with much different physics and dimensions. One such example would be the existence of angels in a realm that transcends the cosmos.

* It would be useful also to consider more of a dynamic process of collective choice under majority rule in which a status quo policy evolves. Analysis has been made which is based on stochastic evolutionary game theory.

* A dynamic policy-making process, where a status quo policy is repeatedly challenged by an opposing policy. Our analysis is based on stochastic evolutionary game theory. We have shown that the Condorcet winner is a unique long-run equilibrium for all majority rules. When the policy space is multidimensional, a long-run equilibrium under (super-)majority voting must belong to the min-max set if the voting quota q is larger than the min-max quota. The stochastic evolutionary game theory provides new insight into the theory of social choice. Specifically, the theory mitigates the indeterminacy problem of majority voting.
**** Social dilemmas occur when incentives for individuals are misaligned with group interests. According to the ‘tragedy of the commons’, these misalignments can lead to overexploitation and collapse of public resources. The resulting behaviours can be analysed with the tools of game theory. The theory of direct reciprocity suggests that repeated interactions can alleviate such dilemmas, but previous work has assumed that the public resource remains constant over time. Here we introduce the idea that the public resource is instead changeable and depends on the strategic choices of individuals. An intuitive scenario is that cooperation increases the public resource, whereas defection decreases it. Thus, cooperation allows the possibility of playing a more valuable game with higher payoffs, whereas defection leads to a less valuable game. We analyse this idea using the theory of stochastic games and evolutionary game theory. We find that the dependence of the public resource on previous interactions can greatly enhance the propensity for cooperation. 

Problems of the essence of ecological consciousness of future leaders, its typology, interaction with other forms of social consciousness, the current state and especially development trends are not fully worked out. In this connection, society or an individual do not receive from social philosophy an explanation of those norms, values and principles, which they should take into account in their attitude to the natural environment.

All this leads to a contradiction between the practical needs of changing the ecological consciousness of modern society and the level of philosophical and theoretical explanation of the possibilities of solving the environmental problem. Thus, the motivation for the study of the essence of ecological consciousness of future leaders, trends of its development are the interests of modern society in solving environmental problems through qualitative changes in people’s ecological consciousness, in creating a holistic concept of ecological consciousness of future leaders containing the methodology of its transition from utilitarian-consumptive goals to neo-spheric ones as well.

||| * Works cited from Google Scholar *

__Hilbe, C., Šimsa, Š., Chatterjee, K. et al.  Evolution of cooperation in stochastic games. Nature 559, 246–249. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0277-x

__Ross, H. (2021). Black Holes as Evidence of God’s Care. ‘Religions‘, 12(3), 201.

__Udoudom, M. (2021). The Value of Nature: Utilitarian Perspective. GNOSI: An Interdisciplinary ‘Journal of Human Theory and Praxis‘, 4, 31-46.

__澤亮治, & サワリョウジ. (2021). ‘The Evolution of Collective Choice Under Majority Rue.’